KKPR (Spatial Planning Approval) Process in Indonesia

Comprehensive Guide to KKPR (Spatial Planning Approval) Process in Indonesia

Introduction to KKPR in Business Licensing

KKPR (Kesesuaian Kegiatan Pemanfaatan Ruang) or Spatial Planning Approval is a mandatory legal requirement for business activities in Indonesia that involve land use or spatial utilization. KKPR ensures that a planned business location and activity are aligned with Indonesia’s spatial planning framework, including national, provincial, and regency/city spatial plans. Since the implementation of risk-based business licensing through the OSS-RBA system, KKPR has become a core prerequisite for obtaining business permits, especially for medium- and high-risk activities,

KKPR is regulated primarily under Government Regulation No. 21 of 2021 and reinforced by the Job Creation Law (Law No. 11 of 2020). Recent procedural clarifications are further governed by Government Regulation No. 28 of 2025, which refines timelines, authority, and electronic processing mechanisms.

Legal Basis and Regulatory Framework

The KKPR (Kesesuaian Kegiatan Pemanfaatan Ruang) process is explicitly regulated under Indonesian statutory law and its implementing regulations. The primary legal foundation is Law No. 11 of 2020 on Job Creation (Undang-Undang Cipta Kerja), which restructures spatial planning and business licensing into an integrated, risk-based system.

This law is implemented through Government Regulation (PP) No. 21 of 2021 on the Implementation of Spatial Planning (Penyelenggaraan Penataan Ruang). In particular:

• Article 1 point 20 PP No. 21 of 2021 defines KKPR as approval of the conformity between business activity plans and spatial utilization plans.
• Article 5 paragraph (1) states that spatial utilization must comply with RTR (Spatial Plans) and may only be conducted after obtaining spatial conformity approval.
• Article 100 to Article 115 regulate KKPR issuance through electronic systems, including authority, assessment mechanisms, and approval outcomes.
• Article 135 to Article 143 regulate monitoring, evaluation, and administrative sanctions for non-compliance.

Further procedural refinement is governed by Government Regulation No. 28 of 2025, which amends and strengthens spatial conformity procedures. Relevant provisions include:

• Article 27 PP No. 28 of 2025, which lists activities exempted from substantive KKPR assessment.
• Article 32 and Article 33, which regulate self-declaration mechanisms and electronic issuance of KKPR through OSS.
• Article 35, which confirms that KKPR is a prerequisite for subsequent permits such as environmental approval and building approval (PBG).

All KKPR applications are processed through the Online Single Submission – Risk Based Approach (OSS-RBA) system as mandated by Government Regulation No. 5 of 2021 on Risk-Based Business Licensing, particularly Article 6 and Article 7, which integrate spatial conformity into the business licensing workflow.

Role of OSS-RBA in KKPR Processing

KKPR is processed electronically through the Online Single Submission – Risk Based Approach (OSS-RBA) system. OSS acts as the central platform that integrates spatial data, business risk assessment, and licensing workflows. Business actors must first register their identity and legal entity data within OSS to obtain or update their Business Identification Number (NIB).

The system automatically evaluates the business activity based on KBLI (5-digit classification), business scale, and risk level. This assessment determines whether KKPR is issued automatically, through self-declaration, or through substantive evaluation by the relevant authority.

Determination of Business Risk and Licensing Category

Under risk-based licensing, business activities are categorized into low, medium-low, medium-high, and high risk. For low-risk businesses, the NIB alone serves as legal authorization. For medium-low risk, NIB is combined with a self-declared standard certificate. Medium-high risk businesses require verified standard certificates, while high-risk businesses require full licensing approval.

KKPR plays a critical role particularly for medium-high and high-risk businesses, where land use compliance must be assessed before further permits are issued.

RDTR Availability and Its Impact on KKPR

A key determinant in KKPR processing is whether the proposed business location is covered by an RDTR (Rencana Detail Tata Ruang) that is integrated with the OSS system. When RDTR is available and integrated, KKPR can be issued automatically by the system through confirmation or approval mechanisms.

If RDTR is not available or not yet integrated, the application must undergo a formal KKPR assessment conducted by the Ministry of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning/National Land Agency (ATR/BPN) or the relevant regional government. This process involves technical evaluation and may require additional supporting documents, resulting in longer processing times.

KKPR Application Workflow

The KKPR process begins with the business actor inputting detailed business and location data into OSS. This includes KBLI selection, business scale, geographic coordinates of the site, land area requirements, land control information, and technical plans such as building layout or master plan.

Spatial validation is conducted using integrated systems such as GISTARU and Satu Peta, which cross-reference national and regional spatial plans (RTRWN, RTRWP, RTRWK, and KSN). Based on this validation, the system determines whether the application proceeds through automatic confirmation or requires substantive review.

Assessment and Issuance of KKPR

For applications requiring evaluation, the authority assesses conformity between the proposed land use and the applicable spatial plan. This assessment may include technical considerations, zoning compliance, and in certain cases, field verification.

According to PP 28/2025, the maximum processing time for KKPR through OSS is 10 working days, subject to the completeness and accuracy of submitted data. Upon approval, KKPR is issued electronically and becomes the basis for subsequent permits such as environmental approval, PBG, and sectoral licenses.

Special Provisions and Exceptions

Certain activities are exempted from standard KKPR assessment under Article 27 of PP 28/2025. These include business activities located in Special Economic Zones (KEK), industrial estates, land already controlled by another business entity with an existing KKPR, upstream oil and gas activities, integrated business expansions, and housing development for low-income communities under specific land size limits.

For micro enterprises and low-risk businesses, KKPR may be issued through a self-declaration mechanism via OSS, as stipulated under Article 32 of PP 28/2025.

KKPR as a Foundation for Further Licensing

KKPR is not a standalone permit. It serves as a foundational approval that enables business actors to proceed with environmental approvals, building approvals (PBG), sectoral licenses, and other regulatory requirements. Without KKPR, subsequent permits cannot be legally issued.

Therefore, accurate KKPR processing is essential to avoid licensing bottlenecks and legal exposure during business operations.

Electronic and Online Processing

All KKPR applications are conducted electronically through OSS or systems managed by the Ministry of ATR/BPN. Non-electronic processing is only permitted under exceptional circumstances where the electronic system is temporarily unavailable. This digital approach ensures transparency, traceability, and uniform application across regions.

Regional Service Focus: Bali, Lombok, and Sumbawa

Although KKPR is a national regulatory requirement applicable throughout Indonesia, our services are strategically focused on Bali, Lombok, and Sumbawa, regions with high levels of foreign investment, tourism development, hospitality projects, and land-based commercial activities.

Through OSS-RBA and the Ministry of ATR/BPN systems, KKPR applications for Denpasar, Badung, Gianyar, Tabanan, Lombok Barat, Lombok Tengah, Lombok Timur, Sumbawa, and surrounding areas can be processed entirely online. Physical presence is only required if local authorities mandate field verification, which remains the exception rather than the rule.

At the same time, our regulatory framework, systems access, and professional network allow us to process KKPR applications across all provinces in Indonesia, ensuring national coverage with regional expertise.

Conclusion

KKPR is a legally mandated prerequisite under Law No. 11 of 2020, PP No. 21 of 2021, PP No. 5 of 2021, and PP No. 28 of 2025. Failure to obtain KKPR prior to land utilization or further licensing exposes businesses to administrative sanctions, permit revocation, and legal uncertainty.

For investors and business actors in Bali, Lombok, and Sumbawa, understanding and complying with KKPR regulations is critical due to zoning sensitivity, tourism density, and heightened regulatory scrutiny. With proper structuring and professional handling, KKPR processing can be completed efficiently, legally, and online.

Our service ensures that KKPR applications are aligned with statutory requirements, spatial planning regulations, and OSS-RBA procedures—providing legal certainty and a solid foundation for your business development in Indonesia.

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This article is prepared for informational only and does not constitute legal advice. Regulatory references are based on prevailing Indonesian laws and government regulations.